The beginning of iron and steel production dates back to the first ages. The extraction of iron was probably “discovered” simultaneously in various parts of the world (West Africa, Southeast Europe, Southern India, China) some 1,000 years BC. The iron and steel industry is one of the world’s most important and traditionally one of the oldest manufacturing industries. About 3,000 years ago, iron was a foundation of people’s culture and civilization.

The revolutionary process in iron production developed with the introduction of the water mill in the 10th century AD. It has been possible to build much larger furnaces because bellows powered by watermills can produce higher air pressures. Oven meant more iron. After the production practices of iron, it gradually became a tool and function used in all areas of social life. It even had a value that moved from the dimension of “production” to social practices and rituals. “So much so that iron heals the sick, removes evil spirits, protects against the evil eye, and brings abundance.” When we look at historical narratives; we can also say that iron has a mythical value with the meanings attributed to it.

Reaching high melting temperatures in the 12th century made iron more important. A fluid substance emerged with the blast furnaces. Liquid iron, known as liquid metal, was also the beginning of modern steel production. Iron rods were made into steel by heating directly over charcoal fire and repeatedly hammering, with a small amount of carbon dispersed on the surface of the metal.